Kwizirika bikoreshwa cyane mubice byinshi nkinganda, ubwubatsi, nubukanishi. Kumenya gukoresha neza ibyo bifunga ni igice cyingenzi cyo kwemeza ubwiza numutekano byumushinga. Ubumenyi bumwe bwingenzi bujyanye no gushyira mu bikorwa:
Ubwoko bwibanze nibipimo byiziritse
Bolts (DIN 931, 933): Bikunze gukoreshwa muburyo bwo guhuza imashini no gutunganya ibice byubatswe. DIN 931 nigice cya kabiri cyumutwe, mugihe DIN 933 nigitereko cyuzuye.
Imbuto (DIN 934): Bikunze gukoreshwa nimbuto esheshatu, zikoreshwa na bolts.
Gukaraba (DIN 125, 9021): Gukaraba neza bikoreshwa mugukwirakwiza umuvuduko wa bolts cyangwa nuts kugirango wirinde kwangirika hejuru yiziritse.
Imashini yo kwikuramo wenyine (DIN 7981): Yifashishijwe muguhuza isahani yoroheje utabanje gucukura.
Gukaraba amasoko (DIN 127): Byakoreshejwe mukurinda ibinyomoro cyangwa amababi kurekura munsi yinyeganyeza cyangwa imitwaro ifite imbaraga.
Ikidage gisanzwe cyihuta nibikoresho
Ibyuma bya karubone: bikunze gukoreshwa mubikorwa rusange, ibyuma bya karubone bike bikwiranye nimbaraga nke zikoreshwa, naho ibyuma biciriritse kandi birebire bikwiranye nibisabwa bifite imbaraga nyinshi.
Amavuta avanze: imbaraga-zikoreshwa cyane, nk'ubwubatsi, ibiraro no gukora imashini. Imbaraga zayo mubisanzwe zigaragarira mubyiciro 8.8, 10.9, na 12.9.
Ibyuma bitagira umwanda (A2, A4): A2 ikoreshwa mubidukikije muri rusange birwanya ruswa, naho A4 ikoreshwa mubidukikije byangiza cyane (nkibidukikije byo mu nyanja n’imiti).
Galvanizing: Ibyuma bya karubone cyangwa ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifatanyirizwa hamwe (amashanyarazi cyangwa ubushyuhe-bishyushye) kugirango byongere imbaraga zo kwangirika kandi bikwiranye n’ibidukikije cyangwa hanze.
Ahantu ho gusaba
Ubwubatsi: Kwizirika bikoreshwa mubikorwa byibyuma, guhuza imashini mugusuka beto, gusakara no gutunganya ibikoresho byubwubatsi. Byakoreshejwe mugukosora ibyuma bya lift kugirango urukuta rwa shitingi, ihuriro hagati ya gare naimirongo ya gari ya moshi, hamwe no gufashwa gufashwa kwinkingi zingirakamaro hamwe nu murongo uhamye. Imbaraga zikomeye cyane (nkicyiciro cya 10.9) hamwe na hot-dip galvanised bolts ikoreshwa cyane.
Gukora imashini: Mubikoresho byubukanishi, DIN 933 na DIN 934 nimbuto zikunze guhuzwa, zikoreshwa hamwe no gukaraba neza kandiabamesa isokokwemeza ihamye no kuramba kwihuza.
Inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga: Imbaraga zikomeye zivanze nicyuma nka DIN 912 (hexagon sock bolts) zikoreshwa mugukora amamodoka, cyane cyane mubice bisaba imbaraga nyinshi hamwe no kurwanya ibinyeganyega.
Ibikoresho byo munzu nibikoresho bya elegitoronike: Ibikoresho bifata nka DIN 7981 (imashini yikubita hasi) bikoreshwa mugukosora amabati cyangwa ibice bya plastiki utabanje gucukura.
Guhitamo neza no kwishyiriraho
Imbaraga zihuye: Hitamo imbaraga zingirakamaro ukurikije porogaramu yihariye. Kurugero, 8.8 amanota ya bolts akoreshwa mubisabwa hamwe ningufu ziciriritse zisabwa, naho amanota 12.9 akoreshwa mumbaraga zikomeye no guhuza bikomeye.
Ingamba zo kurwanya irekura: Mugihe cyo kunyeganyega cyangwa imbaraga ziremereye, koresha ibikoresho byoza amasoko (DIN 127), nylon ifunga utubuto cyangwa udukingirizo twudodo twinshi kugirango wirinde ko imbuto zidohoka.
Ingamba zo kurwanya ruswa: Mu bidukikije byo hanze cyangwa bitose, ibyuma bifata ibyuma cyangwa ibyuma bidafite ingese bikundwa no kongera ubuzima bwa serivisi.
Igenzura rya torque
Ibisobanuro bya Torque: Mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho, bolts igomba gukomezwa cyane ukurikije icyerekezo cya torque kugirango wirinde kwangirika kwurudodo bitewe no gukomera cyane cyangwa kunanirwa guhuza bitewe no kurekura cyane.
Gukoresha imiyoboro ya torque: Muguhuza gukomeye, umugozi wa torque ugomba gukoreshwa kugirango umenye neza ko urumuri rushyirwa mubisabwa, cyane cyane mugushiraho imbaraga zikomeye.
Kubungabunga no kugenzura
Igenzura risanzwe: Kugenzura buri gihe urufunguzo rufunguzo, cyane cyane mugihe rukora mukuzunguruka kwinshi, umutwaro uremereye hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru, kugirango umenye neza ko ibifunga bitarekuwe, byangiritse cyangwa ngo byambare.
Inzira yo gusimbuza: Ukurikije ibikoresho nogukoresha ibidukikije byiziritse, shiraho uburyo bwiza bwo gusimbuza kugirango wirinde kunanirwa guterwa numunaniro cyangwa ruswa.
Kubahiriza ibipimo n'amabwiriza
Kubahiriza ibipimo by’Ubudage: Mu mishinga mpuzamahanga, cyane cyane ibijyanye n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga cyangwa ubufatanye mpuzamahanga, ni ngombwa kubahiriza ibipimo bya DIN. Menya neza ko ibifunga byujuje ubuziranenge bw’Ubudage (nka DIN EN ISO 898-1: Ibikoresho bya mashini kubifata).
Icyemezo nubugenzuzi bufite ireme: Menya neza ko ibyuma byaguzwe byatsinze ibyemezo bikenewe hamwe nubugenzuzi bwiza (nkicyemezo cya ISO) kugirango ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa bwujuje ibisabwa.
Binyuze mu gusobanukirwa byimbitse no gushyira mu bikorwa gushyira mu bikorwa ubumenyi bwihuse bw’Ubudage, umutekano, ubwizerwe nigihe kirekire cyumushinga birashobora kunozwa cyane.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-10-2024