Guhitamo neza neza ibyuma bidafite kashe yerekana kashe idasanzwe

Ibyuma bya Carbone

Ibintu nyamukuru byibyuma bya karubone birimo
Icyuma (Fe): Nkibintu byibanze byibyuma bya karubone, bingana ubwinshi bwikigereranyo.
Carbone (C): Ikintu cyiswe icyuma cya karubone, ibirimo biri hagati ya 0.0218% na 2,11%. Ibirimo bya karubone bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ubukana n'imbaraga z'ibyuma bya karubone.

Ibintu byanduye nibintu bivangavanze
Silicon (Si): Ibyuma bya karubone mubisanzwe birimo silikoni nkeya, kandi ibiyirimo muri rusange biri murwego runaka. Agaciro kihariye karatandukanye ukurikije intego nubwoko bwibyuma bya karubone. Silicon irashobora kunoza imbaraga nubukomezi bwibyuma, mugihe bigira ingaruka kubudodo bwibyuma.
Manganese (Mn): Manganese nayo ni ikintu gisanzwe mu byuma bya karubone, kandi ibiyirimo ni 0.25% ~ 0,80%. Manganese irashobora gukoreshwa nkigisubizo gihamye gishimangira gukuraho FeO no kugabanya ubukana bwibyuma. Muri icyo gihe, ihuza MnS na sulfide kugirango igabanye ingaruka mbi za sulferi.
Amazi ya sufuru (S) na fosifore (P): Nkibintu byanduye mubyuma bya karubone, nubwo ibirimo ari bike cyane, bizanagira ingaruka kumikorere yicyuma cya karubone. Kurugero, kuba sulferi bizagabanya ubukana no gusudira ibyuma, mugihe fosifore izongera imbaraga nubukomezi bwibyuma, ariko cyane bizagabanya plastike nubukomezi bwibyuma.

Ibindi bintu bivanga
Ibyuma bya karubone birashobora kandi kuba birimo ibindi bintu bivangavanze, nka chromium (Cr), nikel (Ni), nibindi, byongeweho cyane cyane kugirango bitezimbere imiterere yicyuma cya karubone, nko kurwanya ruswa no kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ariko, twakagombye kumenya ko ibikubiye muri ibyo bintu bivangavanze mubisanzwe ari bike, kandi ibintu byihariye biratandukana bitewe nintego nubwoko bwibyuma bya karubone.

Ibyuma bya karubone bikoreshwa cyane mubikoresho mu nganda nka lift, ubwubatsi, n'imashini. Kurugero, icyuma cyimodoka cya lift naicyerekezo cya liftmu kayira, igutunganya imirongonaumuhuzayo gukosora, n'ibindi.